Operational sites pose particular challenges for effective remediation due to access restrictions imposed by infrastructure and avoidance of disruption to the day-to-day activities taking place. Under such circumstances, treatment trains may achieve effective contaminant removal though the deployment of sequential approaches that are based on successive physical, chemical and/or biologically-based techniques corresponding to the severity of mass remaining.

At a rail facility in Yorkshire, a loss of diesel fuel had resulted in several centimetres of free product on the groundwater and dissolved phase plume to have an area in the order of approx. 500m2.