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SourceStop Reduces PFAS by >99% Below Belgian Factory
Innovative pilot project is first of its kind in Europe
Case Study Highlights
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PFAS leaches into groundwater beneath source area on industrial facility in West Flanders, Belgium
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SourceStop Liquid, a colloidal activated carbon (CAC) technology designed for penetrating and permanently coating impacted soils in PFAS source areas, was applied in a proof-of-concept pilot.
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Over five months of monitoring, total PFAS concentrations in groundwater decreased by more than 99%, demonstrating broad effectiveness in rapidly removing both short- and long-chain PFAS from the dissolved phase.
SourceStop® Liquid, a colloidal activated carbon (CAC) technology, was applied as a proof-of-concept pilot to reduce PFAS migration beneath a source area at a West Flanders, Belgium textile manufacturing facility. Over five months of monitoring, total PFAS concentrations in groundwater decreased by more than 99%, demonstrating an effective strategy for eliminating PFAS leaching into groundwater below this and other PFAS source areas. Monitoring will continue and the results and information gathered will enhance the design of the full-scale application, offering a better understanding of the anticipated outcomes and associated costs. The full-scale remediation plan is targeted for completion in the first half of 2025.
Implementing a PlumeStop Barrier for PFAS Plume Control at Örnsköldsvik Airport
This project was coordinated and led by the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) and Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) and financed through the Government of Sweden’s Grant no. 1:4 for Remediation and Restoration of Contaminated Sites.
Case Study Highlights
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A 70m-long PlumeStop® barrier has been successfully installed to prevent further migration of PFAS, as part of a Swedish government-funded study.
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PFAS concentrations have been reduced by 97% to 99% downgradient of the barrier.
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This initial-phase application, focused on the highest mass-flux section of the PFAS plume, demonstrates how offsite receptors can be protected using a zero-waste, naturally powered approach to halt PFAS migration.
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Project delivery by Granitor Miljöteknik, supported by Geokompaniet and REGENESIS.
At Örnsköldsvik Airport in northeastern Sweden, significant groundwater PFAS contamination had been observed, primarily originating from a fire training ground where PFAS-containing Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) was discharged during firefighting exercises. Groundwater samples revealed high PFAS concentrations ranging from 100,000 to 200,000 ng/L, with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) making up approximately 75% of the detected PFAS mixture.
Advanced In Situ Barrier Treatment Secures No Further Action
S-MicroZVI and PlumeStop drive multi-year ISCR treatment success, meeting stringent regulatory levels
Case Study Highlights:
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Successful groundwater treatment for TAUW in a church oratory garden in Italy
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PCE reduced to below regulatory target without any VC build-up, resulting in No Further Action (NFA)
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Simultaneous remediation using advanced colloidal technologies enhanced the chemical degradation and sorption processes, optimizing treatment efficacy.
A vacant industrial site in an urban area in Northern Italy, contaminated by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from underground storage tanks, was effectively remediated using PetroFix colloidal activated carbon technology. The project required substantial and rapid reductions of TPH to allow for planned site redevelopment. Following the application, significant contamination reduction was achieved within months, meeting stringent regulatory standards. These results highlight the utility of PetroFix in complex, urban environments requiring rapid and non-disruptive remediation solutions.
High-Mass Petroleum Hydrocarbons Treated to Achieve Closure
Case Study Highlights:
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PersulfOx injected into subsurface during 3 treatment rounds, sequenced ±2 months apart
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Toluene reduced by an average of 94% and below the toluene Site-Specific Target Levels (SSTLs) in all 5 performance monitoring wells
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Toluene remains below its SSTL following the injection of PersulfOx
A former US electric service company reported a release during a UST removal completed at the site in 1988. Previous remediation by others included aggressive fluid vapour recovery events completed from 2004 to 2008 and from 2019 to 2020 to address the release, along with groundwater monitoring. Despite these efforts, high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) remained. Following years of remediation, the final selection and successful application of PersulfOx® effectively reduced high concentrations of toluene in groundwater below the site cleanup goal. The remediation achieved the site target cleanup objectives and received regulatory closure for the decades-old release incident.
Rapid Hydrocarbon Remediation at an Industrial Site in Northern Italy
PetroFix minimizes site disruption, allowing redevelopment to go ahead
A vacant industrial site in an urban area in Northern Italy, contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons and BTEX from underground storage tanks, was effectively remediated using PetroFix colloidal activated carbon technology.
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The project required substantial and rapid contaminant reductions to allow for planned site redevelopment.
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Studio Planeta selected PetroFix® as the most appropriate and least disruptive technology, due to the urban site setting, time-scales for redevelopment and economic factors.
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Achieved concentrations below stringent regulatory levels within weeks, with reductions observed in both treated and surrounding areas.
A vacant industrial site in an urban area in Northern Italy, contaminated by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from underground storage tanks, was effectively remediated using PetroFix colloidal activated carbon technology. The project required substantial and rapid reductions of TPH to allow for planned site redevelopment. Following the application, significant contamination reduction was achieved within months, meeting stringent regulatory standards. These results highlight the utility of PetroFix in complex, urban environments requiring rapid and non-disruptive remediation solutions.
PetroFix Achieves Success at Delaware Service Station
Case Study Highlights:
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Site closure targets rapidly met through innovative remediation
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Strategic application of PetroFix® through both grid and barrier injections as well as the direct application of RegenOx® during excavation of highly impacted soils
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Achieved reductions in benzene, toluene, and EDB to near or below detection limits
At a vacant, former retail service station in Delaware, the strategic application of PetroFix through both grid and barrier configuration injections, as well as the direct application of RegenOx during excavation of highly impacted soils, significantly reduced high concentrations of benzene and toluene, along with low levels of ethylene dibromide. These interventions brought contaminant levels below the final regulatory cleanup threshold needed to achieve site closure. By implementing PetroFix, the Delaware project achieved reductions in benzene, toluene, and EDB to near or below detection limits, securing an effective, long-term solution for groundwater remediation.
Stringent Site Closure Goals Achieved Using PetroFix
Case Study Highlights:
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Petroleum impacts effectively remediated at university recreation facility site
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Project goals met in all treatment areas, within budget and time constraints
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Low-impact, single injection event minimized disturbance to athletic fields
Terracon, a leading US environmental engineering and consulting firm, completed the remediation of a university recreational facility in Florida impacted by historic petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination. Under stringent contractual timelines and performance benchmarks set by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), Terracon excavated PHC-impacted soils and applied PetroFix® in situ to address residual contamination in the saturated zone. The injection area needed to be restored to its original condition to accommodate upcoming seasonal use. A reliable injection technology was required to achieve the project goals, minimize disruption to the athletic fields, and avoid the need for remobilization. This comprehensive approach successfully met FDEP’s cleanup goals for soil and groundwater where the amendment was applied in the treatment area.
Rapid Elimination of Chlorinated Solvents
Case Study Highlights:
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Combined approach using 3 REGENESIS remediation products resulted in >99% reduction in CVOC concentrations
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90% reduction goal achieved within 4 months post-application
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Ongoing monitoring indicates the continued effectiveness of the treatment, with additional reductions expected in the following months
In Southern California, a retail facility with an active food service tenant faced significant groundwater contamination from chlorinated solvents, primarily tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE), resulting from a historical release at a former dry cleaners on-site, which also impacted adjacent properties. Despite previous remediation efforts, high contaminant concentrations persisted, feeding a contaminant plume. Using 3-D Microemulsion® (3DME), our sulfidated micron-Scale ZVI : S-MicroZVI® , and Bio Dechlor Inoculum Plus® (BDI Plus), the site achieved a greater than 99% reduction in CVOC concentrations and halted plume migration through biologically enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) and in situ chemical reduction (ISCR), meeting the site’s performance goals.
PetroFix Eliminates Hydrocarbon Plume Migration
Permeable reactive barrier installed in underground car park in Northern Italy
This case study explains the installation of a PetroFix permeable reactive barrier below a new office building in Northern Italy.
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The barrier has stopped the offsite migration of a petroleum hydrocarbon plume onto a public road and archeological site.
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The in situ remediation has met the stringent cleanup target, positioning the site for regulatory closure, despite the challenges posed by the restricted access onsite.
New York Brownfield Site Achieves Site Closure
Case study highlights
In situ remedy replaces ex situ system and achieves PCE and TCE cleanup targets at former metals manufacturing site:
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a PlumeStop permeable reactive barrier (PRB) replaces pump-and-treat system and achieves site closure
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Concentrations reduced from 500 µg/L to below 1 µg/L for 6 consecutive quarters
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Significant cost and energy savings achieved by decommissioned pump-and-treat system
7m 47s reading time
At a former metals manufacturing facility in upstate New York, historic use of chlorinated solvents had resulted in groundwater contamination with tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). A pump and treat system had been operational on the site for 10 years, successfully reducing contaminant concentrations, but could not reach the clean up targets required for site closure.
Benchmark, a leading engineering and redevelopment consulting company, quickly developed an in situ approach to achieve the project objectives and facilitate site closure. After evaluating remedial alternatives, Benchmark proposed a new Corrective Action Plan (CAP), specifying the in situ application of PlumeStop® (colloidal activated carbon), Hydrogen Release Compound® (HRC), a controlled-release electron donor, and Bio-Dechlor INOCULUM Plus® (BDI Plus), a bioaugmentation culture containing Dehalococcoides sp. and other beneficial microbes.
